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Earth Science; Maps and Chemistry Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
How are latitude and longitude measured?
a.
in kilometers
c.
in degrees, minutes, and seconds
b.
in miles
d.
in hours, minutes, and seconds
 

 2. 
What is the prime meridian?
a.
the only line of longitude that is also a great circle
b.
the international date line
c.
the only line of latitude that is also a great circle
d.
the line of longitude designated as 0°
 

 3. 
Which is an example of a fractional scale?
a.
one inch = one mile
c.
1 cm = 1 km
b.
a printed line like a ruler
d.
1:100
 

 4. 
In addition to using data from remote sensing, cartographers get data to make maps from
a.
field surveys.
c.
field trips.
b.
visual sensing.
d.
ancient maps.
 

 5. 
What symbol is used to show the cardinal directions?
a.
compass point
c.
compass needle
b.
compass rose
d.
compass legend
 

 6. 
With all map projections, the larger the area shown,
a.
the less the distortion.
c.
the greater the distortion.
b.
the more accurate the map.
d.
more useful the map.
 

 7. 
Who is most likely to find soil maps useful?
a.
farmers, agricultural engineers, conservationists
b.
landlords, realtors, bankers
c.
engineers, builders, carpenters
d.
map collectors, cartographers, Earth scientists
 

 8. 
On a geologic map, contact lines show where
a.
two geographic units meet.
c.
two geologic units meet.
b.
elevations are similar.
d.
contours makes contact.
 

 9. 
A contour interval is the
a.
difference in elevation between one contact line and the next.
b.
difference in color between one contour line and the next.
c.
difference in rock age between one geologic unit and the next.
d.
difference in elevation between one contour line and the next.
 

 10. 
What is latitude?
a.
the angular distance north or south from the equator
b.
the linear distance north or south from the equator
c.
the angular distance east or west from the prime meridian
d.
the linear distance north or south from the prime meridian
 

 11. 
What is longitude?
a.
the linear distance north or south from the prime meridian
b.
the angular distance east or west from the prime meridian
c.
the angular distance north or south from the equator
d.
the linear distance east or west from the equator
 

 12. 
What information is shown on geologic maps?
a.
types of vegetation, trees, and mosses
c.
continents, countries, and cities
b.
types of rock, faults, and folds
d.
mountains, rivers, and oceans
 

 13. 
Latitude uses parallel circles that indicate positions
a.
east and west of the prime meridian.
c.
north and south of the prime meridian.
b.
east and west of the equator.
d.
north and south of the equator.
 

 14. 
Longitude indicates positions using
a.
parallel circles east and west of the prime meridian.
b.
semicircles east and west of the prime meridian.
c.
semicircles north and south of the prime meridian.
d.
parallel circles north and south of the equator.
 

 15. 
The symbols used on a map are explained in the
a.
legend.
c.
compass rose.
b.
scale.
d.
topography.
 

 16. 
What is the term that describes a specific location’s height above sea level?
a.
relief
c.
topography
b.
contour
d.
elevation
 

 17. 
What is the atomic number of an element?
a.
the number of protons and neutrons
c.
the number of neutrons
b.
the number of valence electrons
d.
the number of protons
 

 18. 
What forces hold together the atoms in molecules?
a.
chemical mixtures
c.
gravity fields
b.
magnetic fields
d.
chemical bonds
 

 19. 
When elements and compounds combine to form new compounds, the reaction is described in a ____
a.
chemical mixture.
c.
gravity field.
b.
chemical equation.
d.
chemical bond.
 

 20. 
How many atoms of sodium (Na) are there in the formula for table salt NaCl?
a.
2
c.
1
b.
3
d.
0
 

 21. 
How do the electrons in atoms form chemical bonds?
a.
They are either shared or transferred between atoms.
b.
They are shared but not transferred between atoms.
c.
They are neither shared nor transferred between atoms.
d.
They are transferred but not shared between atoms.
 

 22. 
Where are electrons found in atoms?
a.
in the electron sphere
c.
in the atomic ring cycle
b.
in the electron zone
d.
in the electron cloud
 

 23. 
How are the elements in the periodic table arranged?
a.
in order of atomic charge
c.
in order of subatomic particles
b.
in order of atomic number
d.
in alphabetical order
 

 24. 
The attractive force between oppositely charged ions that result from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another is known as
a.
a covalent bond.
c.
an atomic bond.
b.
a physical bond.
d.
an ionic bond.
 

 25. 
Within each column, or group, on the periodic table, the different elements’ atoms usually have the same number of
a.
electrons.
c.
atomic numbers.
b.
valence electrons.
d.
mass numbers.
 

 26. 
What are used to balance chemical equations?
a.
chemical formulas
c.
coefficients
b.
exponents
d.
superscripts
 

 27. 
Chemical properties of matter are characteristics
a.
of subatomic particles that can be observed.
b.
that can be observed without changing substances.
c.
that describe reactions between substances that produce new substances.
d.
that can only be observed through experimentation.
 

 28. 
How many hydrogen atoms are in the chemical formula C6H12O6?
a.
6
c.
12
b.
24
d.
18
 

 29. 
Which of the following is NOT an example of a mixture?
a.
an alloy of two or more metals
c.
sea water
b.
carbon dioxide
d.
granite
 

Short Answer.  Worth 1 point extra credit each.  Write a brief response to each question to receive credit.
 

 30. 
Give an example of a chemical property of a substance.
 

 31. 
Explain the difference between atomic mass and atomic number.
 

 32. 
Describe a covalent bond.
 

 33. 
Group 18 on the periodic table of elements consists of elements often called the inert (“inactive”) gases. How many valence electrons do they have? Why are these gases called inert?
 

 34. 
Describe the basic structure of an atom.
 

Essay.  Worth 4 points.  Write in complete sentences.  Be specific about how latitude and longitude can be used to find locations on Earth.
 

 35. 
How can latitude and longitude be used to locate a place on Earth?
 

Problem.  Worth 2 points extra credit each.  Show/Explain your mathematical reasoning behind your answer to receive full credit.
 

 36. 
A topographical map has a contour interval of 40 m. By how much would you change your elevation if you crossed 13 contour lines? Show your work.
 

 37. 
If an atom has a mass of 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 283, what is its mass in scientific notation?
 

 38. 
Methane burns to produce carbon dioxide and water. An equation to express this is CH4 + O2 pr038-1.jpg CO2 + H2O, but this equation is not balanced. Balance the equation. Explain your answer.
 



 
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